Rheumatology

Rheumatology focuses on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affecting joints and connective tissues.

Arthritis — osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs, biologics
Lupus — systemic lupus erythematosus, ANA, multi-organ involvement
Osteoporosis — DEXA scanning, bisphosphonates, fracture risk assessment
Fibromyalgia — central sensitization, ACR 2016 criteria, pregabalin/duloxetine/milnacipran, low-dose naltrexone, comorbid ME/CFS/POTS
Gout — uric acid crystals, colchicine, allopurinol, dietary triggers
Ankylosing Spondylitis — axial spondyloarthritis, HLA-B27, TNF inhibitors
- Deep Dives: HLA-B27 Explained · Biologics Guide · NSAID Strategy · Exercise & PT Protocol · Morning Stiffness Management · AS & IBD Overlap · Starch-Free Diet & Ebringer · Pregnancy & AS
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome — hereditary connective-tissue disorders, joint hypermobility, POTS/MCAS triad
Sjögren's Syndrome — sicca symptoms, autoimmune exocrinopathy, lymphoma risk
Raynaud's Disease — vasospasm, digital ischemia, calcium channel blockers

Rheumatology
Research Papers
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Key Research Papers

Foundational and recent peer-reviewed publications across rheumatology — rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, spondyloarthritis, scleroderma, vasculitis, gout, osteoporosis, and connective tissue disease. Each citation links to the full text via DOI.

Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria: An ACR/EULAR Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2010;62(9):2569–2581.
Smolen JS, Landewé RBM, Bergstra SA, et al. EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Synthetic and Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: 2022 Update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2023;82(1):3–18.
Petri M, Orbai AM, Alarcón GS, et al. Derivation and Validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLICC). Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012;64(8):2677–2686.
Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;78(9):1151–1159.
Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Baraliakos X, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) Handbook: A Guide to Assess Spondyloarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2009;68(Suppl 2):ii1–ii44.
Ward MM, Deodhar A, Akl EA, et al. American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network 2015 Recommendations for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016;68(2):282–298.
Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis (NOF). Osteoporosis International. 2014;25(10):2359–2381.
Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines for Management of Gout. Part 2: Therapy and Antiinflammatory Prophylaxis of Acute Gouty Arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2012;64(10):1447–1461.
van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, et al. 2013 Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis: An ACR/EULAR Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2013;65(11):2737–2747.
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al. 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2013;65(1):1–11.
Navarro-Sarabia F, Ariza-Ariza R, Hernández-Cruz B, Villanueva I. Adalimumab for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005;(3):CD005113.
Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, et al. Rituximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis Refractory to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial Evaluating Primary Efficacy and Safety at Twenty-Four Weeks (REFLEX). Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2006;54(9):2793–2806.
Maini R, St Clair EW, Breedveld F, et al. Infliximab (Chimeric Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha Monoclonal Antibody) versus Placebo in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Concomitant Methotrexate: A Randomised Phase III Trial (ATTRACT). Lancet. 1999;354(9194):1932–1939.
Navarra SV, Guzmán RM, Gallacher AE, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial (BLISS-52). Lancet. 2011;377(9767):721–731.
Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus Placebo in Scleroderma Lung Disease (Scleroderma Lung Study). New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354(25):2655–2666.
Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, et al. Classification Criteria for Sjögren's Syndrome: A Revised Version of the European Criteria Proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2002;61(6):554–558.