Oncology

Anatomical cross-section illustrating organs affected by Oncology
Anatomical cross-section illustrating organs affected by Oncology.
Microscopic view of Oncology cellular pathology
Microscopic view of Oncology cellular pathology.
Medical visualization of Oncology clinical presentation
Medical visualization of Oncology clinical presentation.
🫧 Interactive Visualization The Lymphatic System — drain the fluid your blood leaks Watch leaked fluid get collected, squeezed along by moving muscles through one-way valves and filtering lymph nodes, and returned to the blood — then block a node and watch the limb swell. Launch → 🧫 Interactive Visualization The Cell Cycle & Cancer — jam the brakes and watch a tumour grow Turn the cell-division cycle through its phases and checkpoints — then damage the DNA and watch p53 halt it, or knock out the brakes and jam the accelerator and watch a tumour grow. Launch → 🔧 Interactive Visualization DNA Repair — fix the damage before it becomes cancer Send a repair crew down the DNA to snip out UV damage, fix copy errors, and mend double-strand breaks with BRCA — then switch the crew off and watch mutations lock in. Launch → ⏳ Interactive Visualization Telomeres — watch a cell's clock run down Watch chromosome caps shorten with every cell division until the cell retires — the built-in anti-cancer clock — then see cancer switch telomerase back on to become immortal. Launch → ➗ Interactive Visualization Mitosis: How One Cell Becomes Two Watch a cell condense its chromosomes, line them up, and split into two identical daughters — then force a mis-segregation and see how a cell ends up with an extra or missing chromosome. Launch → 🎛️ Interactive Visualization How Genes Are Switched On and Off Dock transcription factors on a promoter and watch the gene read out — then add a repressor, methylate the DNA, or send in a hormone and watch the same gene fall silent. Launch → 🌱 Interactive Visualization Stem Cells: The Body's Blank Slates Take a blank stem cell and coax it into blood, nerve or muscle — the biology behind bone-marrow transplants and the difference between embryonic, adult and iPS cells. Launch → 🎗️ Interactive Visualization How Cancer Spreads (Metastasis) Follow one tumour cell as it loses its grip, invades a vessel, survives the bloodstream and seeds a distant organ — the cascade, checkpoint by checkpoint, that makes cancer deadly. Launch →

Conditions

🧠Brain Cancer 🎀Breast Cancer 🦀Cancer 💉Cervical Cancer 🔬Colorectal Cancer 🌸Endometrial Cancer 🔥Esophageal Cancer 🗣️Head and Neck Cancer 🫘Kidney Cancer 🩸Leukemia 🍷Liver Cancer 🫁Lung Cancer 🎗️Lymphoma 🏭Mesothelioma 🩻Metastatic Cancers 👃Nasopharyngeal Cancer 🦴Multiple Myeloma 🥚Ovarian Cancer 🥞Pancreatic Cancer 🧫Penile Cancer 🌰Prostate Cancer 💪Sarcoma ☀️Skin Cancer 🍽️Stomach Cancer 🦋Thyroid Cancer 🔎Vulvar Cancer

Oncology is dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer across all organ systems.

Key Research Papers

Foundational and recent peer-reviewed publications across major oncology topics — immunotherapy, targeted therapy, screening, breast/prostate/lung/colon cancer, hematologic malignancies, and supportive care. Each citation links to the full text via DOI.

  1. Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363(8):711-723. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1003466
  2. Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, et al. Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (KEYNOTE-024). New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375(19):1823-1833. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1606774
  3. Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al. Use of Chemotherapy plus a Monoclonal Antibody against HER2 for Metastatic Breast Cancer That Overexpresses HER2. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344(11):783-792. — doi:10.1056/NEJM200103153441101
  4. Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, et al. Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;366(26):2443-2454. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200690
  5. Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of a Specific Inhibitor of the BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344(14):1031-1037. — doi:10.1056/NEJM200104053441401
  6. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365(5):395-409. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1102873
  7. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Cancer Statistics for the Year 2020: An Overview. International Journal of Cancer. 2021;149(4):778-789. — doi:10.1002/ijc.33588
  8. Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, et al. Early Breast Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up. Annals of Oncology. 2019;30(8):1194-1220. — doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz173
  9. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646-674. — doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
  10. June CH, Sadelain M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;379(1):64-73. — doi:10.1056/NEJMra1706169
  11. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma (CheckMate 067). New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;373(1):23-34. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1504030
  12. Bretthauer M, Løberg M, Wieszczy P, et al. Effect of Colonoscopy Screening on Risks of Colorectal Cancer and Related Death (NORDICC Trial). New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;387(17):1547-1556. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2208375
  13. André T, Shiu KK, Kim TW, et al. Pembrolizumab in Microsatellite-Instability–High Advanced Colorectal Cancer (KEYNOTE-177). New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(23):2207-2218. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2017699
  14. Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, et al. Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ELIANA). New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(5):439-448. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1709866
  15. DiNardo CD, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, et al. Azacitidine and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (VIALE-A). New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(7):617-629. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2012971
  16. Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, et al. Early Palliative Care for Patients with Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363(8):733-742. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1000678

PubMed Topic Searches

The following PubMed topic searches surface current peer-reviewed literature across oncology subfields. Each link opens a live query; results update as new papers are indexed.

  1. PubMed: Oncology review
  2. PubMed: Cancer epidemiology
  3. PubMed: Cancer staging
  4. PubMed: Chemotherapy
  5. PubMed: Immunotherapy & checkpoint inhibitors
  6. PubMed: Targeted therapy
  7. PubMed: Precision oncology & tumor genomics
  8. PubMed: Cancer screening guidelines
  9. PubMed: Cancer biomarkers
  10. PubMed: Radiation therapy
  11. PubMed: Cancer survivorship
  12. PubMed: Palliative care

Herbs Traditionally Used for Cancer

The coloured half of every capsule shows how much human evidence supports that herb for this condition. None of these replace a diagnosis, and the marked cautions are there because the harm is documented.

Human trial evidenceSmall or mixed trialsTraditional use onlyDocumented harm or negative evidence

Connections

All Oncology Articles A–Z

Every article in this specialty, listed alphabetically.

Oncology — scientific infographic poster