❤️ Interactive Visualization The Heart & Circulation — watch a blood cell make the loop Trace a blood cell through all four chambers and both circuits, with a live ECG, chamber pressures, and an exercise mode. Launch → 🩺 Interactive Visualization How Your Body Controls Blood Pressure Watch the kidney fire renin, angiotensin clamp the arteries, and aldosterone hold sodium — then eat salt, or take an ACE inhibitor. Launch → 🎚️ Interactive Visualization The Baroreflex — catch a falling blood pressure Stand up and watch your blood pressure dip, then get caught in a heartbeat by the baroreceptors and brainstem — or trip a vasovagal faint and see why passing out rescues the brain. Launch → 💓 Interactive Visualization The Heart's Electrical System — trace the spark on the ECG Follow the spark from the SA-node pacemaker across the atria, through the AV-node pause, and down the fast fibres to fire the ventricles — read it live on the ECG, then break it into heart block or fibrillation. Launch →

Cardiology

Cardiology — scientific infographic poster
Heart anatomy cross-section: chambers, valves, coronary arteries, conduction system

Conditions

🫃Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 🗜️Angina (Angina Pectoris) 🎈Aortic Aneurysm ✂️Aortic Dissection ↩️Aortic Regurgitation 🔒Aortic Stenosis ⚡Arrhythmia 🧈Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy 🧱Atherosclerosis 💓Atrial Fibrillation 🪚Atrial Flutter 🌙Brugada Syndrome 🧶Cardiac Amyloidosis 🔬Cardiac Sarcoidosis 💦Cardiac Tamponade 🫀Cardiomyopathy ❤️Cardiovascular Disease 🦒Carotid Artery Stenosis 🧪Cholesterol Management ⏳Coarctation of the Aorta ⚾Commotio Cordis ⛓️Constrictive Pericarditis 💔Coronary Artery Disease 💗Dilated Cardiomyopathy 🧩Ebstein's Anomaly 🦠Endocarditis 🧬Familial Hypercholesterolemia 🚑Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) 🚧Heart Block 🔋Heart Failure 🪫HFpEF (Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction) 🩺Hypertension 💪Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 🧫Infective Endocarditis 🧽Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy 🧬Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 📏Long QT Syndrome 🔙Mitral Regurgitation 🔐Mitral Stenosis 🔥Myocarditis 🕳️Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) 🌶️Pericarditis 🤰Peripartum Cardiomyopathy 🦶Peripheral Arterial Disease 🦵Peripheral Artery Disease 🧍Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) 🥶Raynaud's Phenomenon 🧠Stroke 🚨Sudden Cardiac Death 🏎️Supraventricular Tachycardia 🏺Takotsubo Syndrome 🚬Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) 🚪Valvular Heart Disease 🪢Varicose Veins 🌪️Ventricular Fibrillation 🥁Ventricular Tachycardia 🛤️Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Cardiology focuses on diseases and disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including structural, electrical, and vascular conditions.

Key Research Papers

Foundational and recent peer-reviewed publications across the major cardiology subspecialties — lipid management, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, valvular disease, and acute coronary syndromes. Each citation links to the full text via DOI.

  1. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised Trial of Cholesterol Lowering in 4444 Patients with Coronary Heart Disease (4S). Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1383–1389. — doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90566-5
  2. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes (PROVE IT–TIMI 22). New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350(15):1495–1504. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040583
  3. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease (FOURIER). New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376(18):1713–1722. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1615664
  4. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;73(24):e285–e350. — doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
  5. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients (HOPE). New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;342(3):145–153. — doi:10.1056/NEJM200001203420301
  6. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;71(19):e127–e248. — doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006
  7. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining Clinical Risk Stratification for Predicting Stroke and Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Using a Novel Risk Factor-Based Approach: The Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation (CHA₂DS₂-VASc). Chest. 2010;137(2):263–272. — doi:10.1378/chest.09-1584
  8. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (RE-LY). New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;361(12):1139–1151. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0905561
  9. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF). New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365(10):883–891. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1009638
  10. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al. Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE). New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365(11):981–992. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1107039
  11. McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition versus Enalapril in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF). New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371(11):993–1004. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1409077
  12. McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (DAPA-HF). New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;381(21):1995–2008. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
  13. Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, et al. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Preserved). New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(16):1451–1461. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107038
  14. Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, et al. Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients (PARTNER 3). New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380(18):1695–1705. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1814052
  15. Maron DJ, Hochman JS, Reynolds HR, et al. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease (ISCHEMIA). New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(15):1395–1407. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915922
  16. The GUSTO Investigators. An International Randomized Trial Comparing Four Thrombolytic Strategies for Acute Myocardial Infarction (GUSTO-1). New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;329(10):673–682. — doi:10.1056/NEJM199309023291001

PubMed Topic Searches

Live PubMed queries that update as new papers are indexed.

  1. PubMed: coronary artery disease management
  2. PubMed: atrial fibrillation anticoagulation
  3. PubMed: HFrEF
  4. PubMed: HFpEF
  5. PubMed: hypertension guidelines
  6. PubMed: valvular disease & TAVR
  7. PubMed: cardiomyopathy
  8. PubMed: stroke prevention
  9. PubMed: peripheral artery disease
  10. PubMed: infective endocarditis
  11. PubMed: myocarditis
  12. PubMed: aortic aneurysm

All Cardiology Articles A–Z

Every article in this specialty, listed alphabetically.

Connections