Reproductive Medicine

Anatomical cross-section illustrating organs affected by Reproductive Medicine
Anatomical cross-section illustrating organs affected by Reproductive Medicine.
Microscopic view of Reproductive Medicine cellular pathology
Microscopic view of Reproductive Medicine cellular pathology.
Medical visualization of Reproductive Medicine clinical presentation
Medical visualization of Reproductive Medicine clinical presentation.

Conditions

🦠Bacterial Vaginosis 🌡️Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Cramps) 📍Ectopic Pregnancy 🩸Endometriosis 🍬Gestational Diabetes 🌱Infertility 🍂Menopause 💊Menopause & HRT 🫧Ovarian Cysts 🔥Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 🎢Perimenopause 📅PMS and PMDD 🚨Postpartum Hemorrhage 🤰Preeclampsia ⏱️Preterm Labor 🧶Uterine Fibroids ⚡Vulvodynia 🍞Yeast Infections

Deep dives — Endometriosis: Diagnosis Delay & Imaging · Excision vs Ablation · Hormonal Options · Pelvic Floor & Central Sensitization · Adenomyosis Overlap · Endo Belly & Gut · Fertility · Diet & Lifestyle

Deep dives — Menopause & HRT: Perimenopause Symptom Tracker & Hormonal Testing · Estradiol Formulations: Patch, Gel, Oral · Micronized Progesterone vs Synthetic Progestins · Testosterone Therapy for Women · Hot Flashes & Night Sweats · GSM & Vaginal Estrogen · HRT Risks: Breast Cancer, Clots, Stroke · Bone Loss Prevention & HRT · Non-Hormonal Options (SSRIs, Gabapentin, Fezolinetant)

Reproductive medicine deals with reproductive health, fertility, pregnancy-related conditions, and the hormonal transitions of perimenopause and menopause.

Key Research Papers

Foundational and recent peer-reviewed publications across reproductive medicine — menopause and HRT, infertility and IVF, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, contraception, and hormonal therapy. Each citation links to the full text via DOI.

  1. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results from the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–333. — doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.321
  2. Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML, et al. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Health Outcomes during the Intervention and Extended Poststopping Phases of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA. 2013;310(13):1353–1368. — doi:10.1001/jama.2013.278040
  3. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society Advisory Panel. Menopause. 2022;29(7):767–794. — doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002028
  4. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria and Long-Term Health Risks Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility. 2004;81(1):19–25. — doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004
  5. Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven J, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility. 2023;120(4):767–793. — doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.07.025
  6. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Endometriosis and Infertility: A Committee Opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 2012;98(3):591–598. — doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.031
  7. Steptoe PC, Edwards RG. Birth After the Reimplantation of a Human Embryo. Lancet. 1978;312(8085):366. — doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92957-4
  8. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Definitions of Infertility and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Committee Opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 2020;113(3):533–535. — doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.025
  9. Avis NE, Crawford SL, Greendale G, et al. Duration of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms over the Menopause Transition. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(4):531–539. — doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063
  10. Bulun SE. Endometriosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360(3):268–279. — doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804690
  11. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women with Hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701–1712. — doi:10.1001/jama.291.14.1701
  12. Harman SM, Black DM, Naftolin F, et al. Arterial Imaging Outcomes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Recently Menopausal Women: A Randomized Trial (KEEPS). Annals of Internal Medicine. 2014;161(4):249–260. — doi:10.7326/M14-0353
  13. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW, et al. Vascular Effects of Early versus Late Postmenopausal Treatment with Estradiol (ELITE). New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;374(13):1221–1231. — doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1505241
  14. Beral V; Million Women Study Collaborators. Ovarian Cancer and Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet. 2007;369(9574):1703–1710. — doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60534-0
  15. Brown J, Pan A, Hart RJ. Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Pain Associated with Endometriosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;(12):CD008475. — doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008475.pub2
  16. Bensdorp AJ, Tjon-Kon-Fat RI, Bossuyt PMM, et al. Prevention of Multiple Pregnancies in Couples with Unexplained or Mild Male Subfertility: Randomised Controlled Trial of In Vitro Fertilisation with Single Embryo Transfer or In Vitro Fertilisation in Modified Natural Cycle Compared with Intrauterine Insemination with Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation. BMJ. 2015;350:h396. — doi:10.1136/bmj.g7771

PubMed Topic Searches

Each link opens a live PubMed query so results stay current as new papers are indexed.

  1. PubMed: reproductive medicine review
  2. PubMed: infertility evaluation
  3. PubMed: in vitro fertilization
  4. PubMed: endometriosis
  5. PubMed: polycystic ovary syndrome
  6. PubMed: uterine fibroids
  7. PubMed: perimenopause
  8. PubMed: menopause hormone therapy
  9. PubMed: preeclampsia
  10. PubMed: gestational diabetes
  11. PubMed: recurrent pregnancy loss
  12. PubMed: ovarian reserve testing

Herbs Traditionally Used for Women's Health

The coloured half of every capsule shows how much human evidence supports that herb for this condition. None of these replace a diagnosis, and the marked cautions are there because the harm is documented.

Human trial evidenceSmall or mixed trialsTraditional use onlyDocumented harm or negative evidence

Connections

All Reproductive & Medicine Articles A–Z

Every article in this specialty, listed alphabetically.

Reproductive Medicine — scientific infographic poster