Zinc Carnosine (Polaprezinc): The Gut and Mouth Lining Research

Table of Contents

1. What Polaprezinc Is
2. How It Is Thought to Work
3. The Painkiller Gut-Permeability Study
4. Stomach Ulcers and Small-Bowel Injury
5. Helicobacter pylori Add-On Trials
6. Mouth Sores During Cancer Treatment
7. Taste Disorders and Low Zinc
8. Safety: Copper, Stomach Upset and Animal Data
9. What Is Not Known
10. Key Research Papers
11. Connections
12. Featured Videos

What Polaprezinc Is

Polaprezinc is the generic name for the zinc complex of L-carnosine. A 2021 review describes it as a white or yellowish-white crystalline powder with the formula C₉H₁₄N₄O₃Zn. It is almost insoluble in water but dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid, the kind of acid found in the stomach. The same review states that polaprezinc is an anti-ulcer drug that was first approved in Japan in 1994.

A chemistry review by researchers who worked on the compound describes its structure: each zinc ion binds one carnosine molecule (a 1:1 complex), and the units link up into a long chain, a polymer. They describe it as the first drug taken by mouth in which zinc plays an essential role, and they classify it as a "membrane protection type" anti-ulcer drug.

Because the compound is about 22% zinc by weight (worked out from its formula), a 75 mg dose of polaprezinc carries roughly 17 mg of zinc. This matters when reading the trials: some report the dose as milligrams of polaprezinc (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg) and others as milligrams of zinc (17 mg, 34 mg, 68 mg).

In clinical practice in Japan, polaprezinc has also been used as a zinc replacement therapy for people with low zinc, according to a 2020 analysis of its trials. The medicine approval described here is Japanese. The 2007 British study described below calls zinc carnosine "a health food product".

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How It Is Thought to Work

Several mechanisms are proposed. They come from different kinds of evidence, and most of them come from cells and animals, not from people.

• Staying put and sticking to damage (chemistry and review statements). The chemistry review states that the complex can stay in stomach juice without breaking apart quickly and sticks specifically to ulcerated tissue, where carnosine and zinc are then released. A 2022 gastroenterology review describes the same idea: a higher affinity for damaged lining that lets zinc be released locally. The same review notes that the compound is not an acid blocker, an antacid or a raft-forming agent.
• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action (review statements, cell and animal studies). The 2022 review describes the compound as protecting the lining through antioxidant effects, adjustment of inflammatory signals (cytokines) and stabilising cell membranes.
• Heat-shock proteins (cell studies). Heat-shock proteins are the cell's own repair and protection proteins. In human colon cells, polaprezinc protected the cells from hydrogen-peroxide damage and raised two heat-shock proteins (HSP27 and HSP72); when a chemical that blocks heat-shock protein production was added, much of the protection was lost. In rat intestinal cells, polaprezinc raised heat-shock protein 70 and reduced aspirin-induced cell death, but it no longer did so in cells where heat-shock protein 70 had been switched off. In human stomach cells exposed to Helicobacter pylori, polaprezinc raised heat-shock protein 70 and reduced cell damage and inflammatory signals, and the protection fell when heat-shock protein 70 was blocked.
• Repair of the lining (cell and rodent studies). In the 2007 British study, zinc carnosine roughly tripled the movement and multiplication of cells in wounded cell layers in the laboratory. Given by mouth, it reduced stomach injury by 75% in rats and reduced shortening of the gut's finger-like villi by 50% in mice given the painkiller indomethacin.
• Direct action on Helicobacter pylori (laboratory studies). The chemistry review reports an inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori, and the 2023 human stomach-cell study found that polaprezinc killed Helicobacter pylori strains in the laboratory.

None of these mechanisms has been shown to be the reason for any result in people. They are explanations researchers propose for the human findings below.

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The Painkiller Gut-Permeability Study

The most quoted human study of zinc carnosine and the gut lining is a small British trial published in 2007. Indomethacin is a strong prescription painkiller from the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug family, and drugs of this family are known to make the small intestine leakier. The researchers used it on purpose as a way to injure the gut in healthy people.

• Who: 10 healthy volunteers.
• Design: a randomised crossover trial. Each volunteer took indomethacin 50 mg three times a day for 5 days twice, once with zinc carnosine 37.5 mg twice daily and once with a placebo.
• Measurement: gut permeability, measured as the ratio of two sugars (lactulose and rhamnose) passed in the urine. A higher ratio means a leakier gut.
• Result on placebo: the ratio rose from 0.35 before indomethacin to 0.88 after 5 days, about a threefold increase (p<0.01).
• Result with zinc carnosine: no significant increase in permeability.

The same paper included the cell and rodent experiments listed in the section above. The authors concluded that zinc carnosine "stabilises gut mucosa" at concentrations likely to be found in the gut, and that further studies are warranted.

Limits that are visible in the paper itself: the trial had 10 people, it tested a short, deliberate injury in healthy volunteers rather than a disease, and it measured a laboratory marker rather than symptoms. The paper's competing-interest statement notes that extended health claims for zinc carnosine were under consideration by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and that one author gave evidence at that hearing. The Sources and Supplements page summarises the same trial in its list of carnosine forms.

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Stomach Ulcers and Small-Bowel Injury

Polaprezinc's approved use in Japan is stomach ulcers. Two human trials show how it has been compared.

Against another lining-protecting drug

A 2022 multicentre, double-blind trial in China enrolled 224 people with stomach ulcers at 10 centres. One group took polaprezinc and the other took rebamipide, a different drug that protects the stomach lining. After 8 weeks, ulcer healing confirmed by gastroscopy was rated effective in 81.48% of the polaprezinc group and 74.31% of the rebamipide group (P = 0.1557, not a significant difference). Symptom improvement and side effects were similar in the two groups. The trial had no placebo group, so it shows that the two drugs performed alike, not how either compares with no treatment.

Long-term low-dose aspirin

Daily low-dose aspirin can injure the small intestine. A 2013 pilot trial in Japan used capsule endoscopy (a swallowed camera) to find 20 long-term aspirin users who already had small-bowel injury. They were randomised to polaprezinc 150 mg a day for 4 weeks or no added treatment. In the polaprezinc group, the median number of reddened areas and erosions or ulcers fell significantly; in the untreated group it did not change significantly. The trial was small, had no placebo and was open to both patients and doctors.

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Helicobacter pylori Add-On Trials

Helicobacter pylori is the stomach bacterium behind most stomach ulcers. The usual treatment combines an acid-blocking drug with two antibiotics, often called triple therapy. As resistance to antibiotics has grown, cure rates have fallen, and polaprezinc has been tested as an extra, non-antibiotic ingredient.

The 2022 meta-analysis

A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis pooled 3 randomised trials with 396 people: 199 received polaprezinc plus triple therapy and 197 received triple therapy alone. Counting everyone who was randomised (intention to treat), the odds of clearing the infection were about twice as high with polaprezinc (odds ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 3.21). Counting only those who completed treatment, the odds ratio was 2.65 (1.55 to 4.54). Total side effects did not differ (odds ratio 1.06, 0.55 to 2.06). The authors wrote that "the evidence is still scarce, and larger trials are needed to confirm or refute our findings."

The largest single trial

A 2017 multicentre trial in 11 Chinese cities gave 14 days of triple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin) alone or with polaprezinc at 75 mg or 150 mg twice daily. Of the 303 people who completed it, infection was cleared (intention to treat) in 77.0% with 75 mg, 75.9% with 150 mg and 58.6% with triple therapy alone. The higher dose did not clear more infections than the lower one, but it had more side effects (5.1% against 2.8% for 75 mg and 1.9% for triple therapy alone). No serious adverse events occurred. The paper states that the study was sponsored by a manufacturer of polaprezinc.

Newer trials

• Lebanon, 2022. 92 people with a positive breath test were randomised to 14 days of standard triple therapy or 10 days of a bismuth-based four-drug regimen that also included zinc carnosine 75 mg twice daily. Infection was cleared in 93.5% (43 of 46) on the zinc carnosine regimen and 69.6% (32 of 46) on triple therapy. Because the second group also received bismuth, which is itself a standard part of four-drug regimens, this trial cannot show how much of the difference came from zinc carnosine.
• China, 2022. 100 adults without symptoms were randomised to a four-drug regimen built around either polaprezinc or bismuth, and their stool bacteria were compared. After successful treatment, bacterial diversity fell in the bismuth group compared with its starting level, and was lower than in the polaprezinc group at follow-up. The abstract reports gut-bacteria findings, not a comparison of cure rates. One author was an employee and shareholder of a polaprezinc manufacturer.

In all of these trials polaprezinc was an add-on to antibiotics. No trial in this set tested polaprezinc alone as a treatment for the infection.

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Mouth Sores During Cancer Treatment

Oral mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mouth lining caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Zinc carnosine has been given for it as mouthwashes, lozenges and thick suspensions that coat the mouth. The site's chamomile mouthwash page covers another approach studied for the same problem.

The 2026 meta-analysis

A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis gathered 8 studies with 544 patients. Six of the studies were not randomised and had moderate or serious risk of bias. Under one statistical model (common effect), zinc carnosine was linked to fewer cases of severe mucositis, grade 3 or higher (odds ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.72). Under the random-effects model, which allows for differences between studies, the result was no longer statistically significant (odds ratio 0.44, 0.18 to 1.06). Results for grade 2 or higher were similar. On the GRADE scale used to rate evidence, the certainty was low for mucositis and very low for healing of the mouth lining. Only one study suggested better healing of surgical wounds in the mouth. No serious adverse events were reported.

Two transplant trials that disagreed

• Japan, 2021. A multicentre randomised trial in 88 analysed patients having high-dose chemotherapy before a stem-cell transplant compared starting polaprezinc lozenges before chemotherapy with starting them only once grade 2 mucositis appeared. Grade 2 or higher mucositis occurred in 22.0% of the early group and 44.7% of the comparison group (P = .025). Grade 3 or higher mucositis was not significantly reduced. Transplant success (engraftment) was similar, 95.6% against 97.2%.
• Australia, 2023 (the ToPaZ study). An open-label randomised trial in 108 stem-cell-transplant patients compared a polaprezinc mouthwash with a sodium bicarbonate mouthwash. Severe mucositis (grade 3 to 4) occurred in 35% with polaprezinc and 36% with bicarbonate. None of the secondary outcomes differed. The authors concluded that topical polaprezinc had no effect on preventing mucositis in these patients and that the effect of polaprezinc taken by mouth still needs study.

A smaller mouthwash trial

A 2026 single-blind randomised trial in Italy treated 42 cancer patients who already had mucositis. Those using a zinc-L-carnosine mouthwash four times a day for 30 days had less moderate and severe mucositis at 15 and 30 days (from 61% at the start to 14%), while the control group, who rinsed twice a day with water and sodium bicarbonate, got worse. The two groups did not rinse the same number of times, and the trial was small.

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Taste Disorders and Low Zinc

Zinc is needed for normal taste, and the site's page on zinc deficiency and loss of taste and smell covers the wider evidence. Polaprezinc has been studied in Japan both for taste loss and for raising low blood zinc.

The taste trial

A 2009 double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial randomised 109 people with taste disorders of no known cause, including some with low blood zinc, to placebo (28 people) or polaprezinc providing 17 mg (27), 34 mg (26) or 68 mg (28) of zinc a day for 12 weeks. The group on 68 mg of zinc had a significant improvement in taste sensitivity compared with placebo; the abstract does not report a significant improvement for the 17 mg or 34 mg groups. The most common side effects were a rise in blood triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase, a fall in blood iron, and some stomach and gut complaints, none of them serious.

A 2023 meta-analysis of all zinc forms for taste disorders (12 randomised trials, 938 people; polaprezinc was one of the forms) found that taste improved more often with zinc than with control (relative risk 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 1.64). The doses in these trials were 17 mg to 86.7 mg of zinc a day for three to six months.

Raising blood zinc: a dose-response analysis

A 2020 analysis pooled the individual patient data from 4 randomised placebo-controlled trials of polaprezinc in people with low zinc, at doses of 75 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg a day.

• For: taken together, polaprezinc raised blood zinc by an average of 9.08 µg/dL more than placebo (95% confidence interval 5.46 to 12.70), and higher doses raised it more (p < 0.001).
• Against: stomach and gut side effects also rose with dose. The authors describe all doses as tolerable.
• Who wrote it: two of the authors were employees of the company that holds the marketing authorisation for polaprezinc, and the others received consulting fees or travel expenses from it for the review.

Kidney dialysis patients

Low zinc is common in people on long-term hemodialysis. Two Japanese randomised trials compared polaprezinc (34 mg of zinc a day) with zinc acetate (50 mg of zinc a day). In the first (91 patients, 2020), zinc acetate raised blood zinc faster, and blood copper fell significantly with zinc acetate but not with polaprezinc at 3 months. In the second (75 patients followed for a year, 2023), blood zinc was higher with zinc acetate for the first 12 weeks but the same from week 16 to week 52, and side effects that required a lower dose, including copper deficiency, were significantly more frequent with zinc acetate.

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Safety: Copper, Stomach Upset and Animal Data

Zinc and copper compete for absorption, and taking extra zinc for a long time can drain the body's copper. The site's page on zinc-induced copper deficiency covers this in detail. Polaprezinc is a zinc medicine, and the same risk appears in its own records.

• A dialysis case from Japan (2020). A 75-year-old man on hemodialysis for 10 years was given polaprezinc for low zinc (55 µg/dL) and taste loss. Three months after starting, his blood counts fell across all cell types (pancytopenia), and the fall persisted after his zinc returned to normal and the drug was stopped. His white cell count was 1,700 per microlitre and his hemoglobin 8.9 g/dL. His bone marrow looked like a myelodysplastic disorder, a bone-marrow cancer. His copper was below 2 µg/dL and his ceruloplasmin (the main copper-carrying protein) 3 mg/dL, pointing to zinc-induced copper deficiency. His blood counts and marrow gradually improved after he was given cocoa, a copper-rich food. The authors write that the risk of zinc-induced copper deficiency deserves attention when zinc is given to people with chronic kidney disease, especially those on hemodialysis.
• A second dialysis case (2016). A published letter, titled "A Case of Copper Deficiency-Induced Pancytopenia With Maintenance Hemodialysis Outpatient Treated With Polaprezinc", describes the same pattern; the record has no abstract.
• Animal toxicity studies (1996). In 13- and 52-week studies, rats given 300 mg/kg a day or more built up zinc in their tissues and lost copper; at 150 mg/kg a day there was no copper decrease. In beagle dogs, a copper decrease was seen only in the liver and heart at 300 mg/kg a day. These doses are far above the human doses in the trials.

The copper blood-count picture is covered on the site's page on copper deficiency, anemia and low white cells. Copper deficiency can look like a bone-marrow disease, as in the 2020 case.

Other side effects reported in the trials above:

• Stomach and gut complaints that rose with dose in the 2020 dose-response analysis.
• Higher blood triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase and lower blood iron in the 2009 taste trial.
• More side effects at 150 mg twice daily than at 75 mg twice daily in the 2017 Helicobacter pylori trial.
• No difference in total side effects with triple therapy in the 2022 meta-analysis, and no serious adverse events in the 2026 mouth meta-analysis.

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What Is Not Known

• Whether the "leaky gut" result holds in disease. The permeability finding comes from 10 healthy volunteers over 5 days of a deliberate painkiller injury. There is no comparable large trial in people with a gut disease measuring symptoms.
• How much of the Helicobacter pylori benefit is real. The pooled result rests on 3 trials, the largest single trial on this page was sponsored by a manufacturer, and the meta-analysis authors call the evidence "still scarce". No trial here tested polaprezinc against bismuth for cure rates in the abstracts read for this page.
• Whether it prevents severe mouth sores. The meta-analysis result depends on the statistical model, the certainty is low, and the two transplant trials disagreed: one found fewer grade 2 sores with early lozenges, the other found no effect from a mouthwash.
• How it works in people. The heat-shock protein and lining-repair mechanisms come from cell and rodent studies.
• Long-term safety outside Japan. The copper cases come from dialysis patients; how often copper deficiency occurs in other long-term users is not measured in the studies read here.
• The part played by carnosine. Polaprezinc delivers zinc as well as carnosine. Most trials cannot separate the effect of the zinc from the effect of the carnosine. The site's main carnosine page explains why carnosine taken by mouth is mostly broken down in the blood.

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Key Research Papers

1. Mahmood A, FitzGerald AJ, Marchbank T, Ntatsaki E, Murray D, Ghosh S, Playford RJ. Zinc carnosine, a health food supplement that stabilises small bowel integrity and stimulates gut repair processes. Gut. 2007;56(2):168-75. PubMed PMID: 16777920
2. Mahmoud A, Abuelazm M, Ahmed AAS, Abdalshafy H, Abdelazeem B, Brašić JR. Efficacy and Safety of Polaprezinc-Based Therapy versus the Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):4126. PubMed PMID: 36235778
3. De Francesco P, Vescovi P, Pedrazzi G, Giovannacci I. Protective and Healing Effects of Zinc L-Carnosine on the Oral Mucosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel). 2026;14(7):408. PubMed PMID: 42505716
4. Furihata K, Tsuchikawa M, Miwa T, Naito Y, Oba K, Sakagami M. Efficacy and Safety of Polaprezinc (Zinc Compound) on Zinc Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Using Individual Patient Data. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1128. PubMed PMID: 32316581
5. Li M, Sun Z, Zhang H, Liu Z. Recent advances on polaprezinc for medical use (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021;22(6):1445. PubMed PMID: 34721687
6. Matsukura T, Tanaka H. Applicability of zinc complex of L-carnosine for medical use. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000;65(7):817-23. PubMed PMID: 10951100
7. Efthymakis K, Neri M. The role of Zinc L-Carnosine in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal disease in humans: a review. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2022;46(7):101954. PubMed PMID: 35659631
8. Ohkawara T, Nishihira J, Nagashima R, Takeda H, Asaka M. Polaprezinc protects human colon cells from oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide: relevant to cytoprotective heat shock proteins. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(38):6178-81. PubMed PMID: 17036391
9. Qin Y, Naito Y, Handa O, Hayashi N, Kuki A, Mizushima K, Omatsu T, Tanimura Y, Morita M, Adachi S, Fukui A, Hirata I, Kishimoto E, Nishikawa T, Uchiyama K, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Yagi N, Kokura S, Yoshikawa T. Heat shock protein 70-dependent protective effect of polaprezinc on acetylsalicylic acid-induced apoptosis of rat intestinal epithelial cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011;49(3):174-81. PubMed PMID: 22128216
10. Meng F, Zhu S, Gong M, Tao H, Wang W, Wang G. Heat shock protein 70 is involved in polaprezinc driven cell protection against Helicobacter pylori-induced injury. Int J Med Microbiol. 2023;313(3):151582. PubMed PMID: 37285706
11. Shen W, Zhao X, Han Z, Miao Y, Huang H, Zhang Z, Dong L, Nie Y, Li H, Ni R. Efficacy and safety of polaprezinc in the treatment of gastric ulcer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled clinical trial. Med Eng Phys. 2022;110:103860. PubMed PMID: 35999163
12. Watari I, Oka S, Tanaka S, Aoyama T, Imagawa H, Shishido T, Yoshida S, Chayama K. Effectiveness of polaprezinc for low-dose aspirin-induced small-bowel mucosal injuries as evaluated by capsule endoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13:108. PubMed PMID: 23826914
13. Tan B, Luo HQ, Xu H, Lv NH, Shi RH, Luo HS, Li JS, Ren JL, Zou YY, Li YQ, Ji F, Fang JY, Qian JM. Polaprezinc combined with clarithromycin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis: A prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175625. PubMed PMID: 28407007
14. Ibrahim N, El Said H, Choukair A. Zinc carnosine-based modified bismuth quadruple therapy vs standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled study. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(1):227-235. PubMed PMID: 35071521
15. Wu D, Li X, Li T, Xie W, Liu Y, Tan Q, Wu W, Sun Z, Chen T, Jiang H, Li J, Qin J, Zhao Y, Chen W. The Effect of Quadruple Therapy with Polaprezinc or Bismuth on Gut Microbiota after Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med. 2022;11(23):7050. PubMed PMID: 36498624
16. Kitagawa J, Kobayashi R, Nagata Y, Kasahara S, Ono T, Sawada M, Ohata K, Kato-Hayashi H, Hayashi H, Shimizu M, Itoh Y, Tsurumi H, Suzuki A. Polaprezinc for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A multi-institutional randomized controlled trial. Int J Cancer. 2021;148(6):1462-1469. PubMed PMID: 32984946
17. Nakagaki M, Kennedy GA, Gavin NC, Butler J, Clavarino A, Whitfield K. A randomised trial of topical polaprezinc to prevent oral mucositis in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ToPaZ study). Support Care Cancer. 2023;32(1):44. PubMed PMID: 38112867
18. Togni L, Sparabombe S, Mascitti M, Barlattani A, Isola G, Lo Russo L, Santarelli A. Zinc-L-carnosine mouthwash in oral mucositis patients: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Minerva Dent Oral Sci. 2026;75(4):263-272. PubMed PMID: 41855025
19. Sakagami M, Ikeda M, Tomita H, Ikui A, Aiba T, Takeda N, Inokuchi A, Kurono Y, Nakashima M, Shibasaki Y, Yotsuya O. A zinc-containing compound, Polaprezinc, is effective for patients with taste disorders: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study. Acta Otolaryngol. 2009;129(10):1115-20. PubMed PMID: 19037756
20. Mozaffar B, Ardavani A, Muzafar H, Idris I. The Effectiveness of Zinc Supplementation in Taste Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Nutr Metab. 2023;2023:6711071. PubMed PMID: 36937245
21. Okamoto T, Hatakeyama S, Konishi S, Okita K, Tanaka Y, Imanishi K, Takashima T, Saitoh F, Suzuki T, Ohyama C. Comparison of zinc acetate hydrate and polaprezinc for zinc deficiency in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A single-center, open-label, prospective randomized study. Ther Apher Dial. 2020;24(5):568-577. PubMed PMID: 31794152
22. Kumagai E, Furumachi K, Kurihara A, Hosokawa K, Hosohata K, Takai S. Zinc Acetate Hydrate Supplementation versus Polaprezinc Supplementation for Improving Hypozincemia in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Nephrol. 2023;2023:2403755. PubMed PMID: 37840640
23. Koi S, Arai K, Nogami A, Toma H, Yamamoto M, Miura O, Nagao T. [Impaired hematopoiesis due to copper deficiency in a hemodialysis patient supplemented with zinc]. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2020;61(10):1487-1491. PubMed PMID: 33162445
24. Kadoya H, Uchida A, Kashihara N. A Case of Copper Deficiency-Induced Pancytopenia With Maintenance Hemodialysis Outpatient Treated With Polaprezinc. Ther Apher Dial. 2016;20(4):422-3. PubMed PMID: 26948531
25. Yamaguchi I, Shibata K, Takei M, Matsuda K. Changes in tissue contents of zinc, copper and iron in rats and beagle dogs treated with polaprezinc. J Toxicol Sci. 1996;21(3):177-87. PubMed PMID: 8887886

PubMed Topic Searches

1. PubMed: polaprezinc
2. PubMed: polaprezinc and Helicobacter pylori eradication
3. PubMed: zinc carnosine and oral mucositis
4. PubMed: polaprezinc and copper deficiency
5. PubMed: zinc carnosine and intestinal permeability

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Connections

• Carnosine — Benefits Deep Dive — the hub for this article
• Carnosine — the main topic page
• Carnosine: Food Sources and Supplements — the forms of carnosine compared
• Zinc — the mineral half of the compound
• Zinc Deficiency: Loss of Taste and Smell — the wider taste evidence
• Zinc Toxicity: Copper Deficiency — the main long-term zinc risk
• Helicobacter pylori — the stomach infection in the add-on trials
• Triple and Quadruple Therapy — the antibiotic regimens polaprezinc was added to
• Chamomile Mouthwash and Mouth Sores From Cancer Treatment — another approach to oral mucositis

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