Heart Failure
What is Heart Failure?
Heart failure is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body's needs. This can lead to a buildup of fluid in the lungs, legs, and other tissues, causing congestion and swelling.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Coronary artery disease: The most common cause, involving the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries.
- High blood pressure: Forces the heart to work harder, which can weaken it over time.
- Heart attack: Damages the heart muscle, affecting its pumping ability.
- Cardiomyopathy: Disease of the heart muscle from genetic conditions, infections, or alcohol abuse.
- Diabetes: Increases the risk of developing heart failure.
Symptoms of Heart Failure
Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink-tinged mucus
- Increased need to urinate at night
- Sudden weight gain from fluid retention
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnostic Tests
To diagnose heart failure, doctors may use:
- Physical examination: To check for signs of fluid retention and listen to the heart.
- Blood tests: To check for markers indicating heart failure.
- Imaging tests: Such as echocardiograms, X-rays, and MRI to assess heart function.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect irregular heart rhythms.
Treatment Options
- Medications: Such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics to manage symptoms and improve heart function.
- Lifestyle changes: Including a heart-healthy diet, exercise, and weight management.
- Surgery: Such as coronary bypass surgery or heart valve repair for severe cases.
- Implantable devices: Pacemakers or defibrillators to help manage heart rhythms.
Prognosis
The prognosis for heart failure varies based on its severity and the patient’s overall health. While it is a chronic condition, proper management can improve quality of life and longevity.