Diabetes Disease

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. It occurs when your blood glucose (blood sugar) is too high.

Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes

• Autoimmune condition: The immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
• Insulin-dependent: Patients need to take insulin regularly.
• Commonly diagnosed in children and young adults.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

• Most common type: Represents the majority of diabetes cases.
• Insulin resistance: The body does not use insulin properly.
• Risk factors: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, and age.

3. Gestational Diabetes

• Occurs during pregnancy: Can develop in women who did not previously have diabetes.
• Usually temporary: Typically resolves after childbirth, but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.

Symptoms of Diabetes

• Frequent urination
• Increased thirst
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetics: Family history increases the likelihood.
• Lifestyle factors: Diet, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute to type 2 diabetes.
• Autoimmune response: Causes type 1 diabetes when the immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells.

Management and Treatment

Type 1 Diabetes

• Insulin therapy: Essential for survival.
• Blood sugar monitoring: Regular checks to manage levels.
• Healthy diet and exercise: Supports overall health.

Type 2 Diabetes

• Lifestyle changes: Diet, exercise, and weight management.
• Medications: Oral drugs or insulin may be needed.
• Monitoring blood glucose: Helps in adjusting treatment.

Gestational Diabetes

• Special meal plans and regular physical activity.
• Monitoring blood sugar to prevent complications.

Complications of Diabetes

• Cardiovascular disease: Increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
• Nerve damage (neuropathy): Can cause pain and numbness.
• Kidney damage (nephropathy): Potential kidney failure.
• Eye damage: Risk of blindness due to retinopathy.
• Foot damage: Poor blood flow and neuropathy can lead to amputations.