Oxantel Pamoate

Oxantel pamoate is a deworming medicine with one main strength: it acts against whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), the intestinal worm that the standard deworming drugs clear least well. A 2021 review estimated its efficacy against whipworm at a 76% cure rate and an 85% egg-reduction rate at a dose of 20 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram of body weight) [1]. Given together with albendazole, it cured more whipworm infections in children than mebendazole, one of the standard deworming medicines [2][3].

Oxantel also appears in gum-disease research. In laboratory studies it blocked Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium described as a major pathogen (disease-causing microbe) of chronic periodontitis, and in infected mice it reduced the loss of jawbone around the teeth to the level seen in uninfected mice [4][5]. This page reports what each kind of study found and labels each one: trials in people, laboratory experiments, studies in mice and rats, and veterinary trials in dogs.

Table of Contents

  1. What Oxantel Pamoate Is
  2. How It Acts on Worms
  3. The First Trials in the 1970s
  4. Whipworm Trials in Children
  5. Combinations With Other Deworming Drugs
  6. How the Body Handles It
  7. Use in Dogs
  8. Research Against Gum-Disease Bacteria
  9. Other Laboratory and Animal Research
  10. Side Effects Reported in Trials
  11. Key Research Papers
  12. Connections
  13. Featured Videos

What Oxantel Pamoate Is

Oxantel is an anthelmintic, a medicine that kills or expels parasitic worms (helminths). Chemically it is a tetrahydropyrimidine derivative, discovered in the 1970s, and it is given as its pamoate salt. The 2021 review, which calls it a “trichuricidal” (whipworm-killing) drug, notes that it has recently been brought back to researchers’ attention because of its high efficacy against whipworm [1].

Whipworm is one of three soil-transmitted helminths, worms spread through soil contaminated with human feces; the other two are the large roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm. According to the review, these worms infect about one-fifth of the world’s population, and the currently available drugs are highly efficacious against the roundworm, only moderately efficacious against hookworm and poorly efficacious against whipworm [1]. A 2026 trial report estimates that trichuriasis (whipworm infection), caused by Trichuris trichiura and a second species, Trichuris incognita, affects 267 million people worldwide, particularly children [6].

A 2004 laboratory paper describes oxantel as a cholinergic anthelmintic (one acting on the worm’s acetylcholine signalling) “first introduced for the treatment of whipworm, Trichuris, infections in children” [7]. By 2013, researchers were calling it “the veterinary drug oxantel pamoate”, and they subtitled their study “revival of an old drug” [8].

The 2021 review set out clinical development plans for its use against whipworm in people [1], and the authors of a 2026 trial in Tanzanian children wrote that their results support “phase 3 development towards regulatory approval” [6]. Phase 3 trials are the large trials that medicine regulators review before approving a drug.

How It Acts on Worms

According to the 2021 review, oxantel pamoate acts locally in the gut. It binds to the parasite’s nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, leading to a spastic paralysis of the worm and its expulsion [1]. Acetylcholine is the chemical messenger that tells muscles to contract. By acting on the muscle’s receptor for it, the drug leaves the worm’s muscles locked in contraction, and the paralysed worm is passed out of the gut.

A different receptor type from pyrantel

In a 2004 laboratory study using muscle from the pig roundworm Ascaris suum, researchers sorted cholinergic deworming drugs into three receptor subtypes: B (sensitive to bephenium), L (sensitive to levamisole and pyrantel) and N (sensitive to nicotine and methyridine). Oxantel grouped with the N-subtype drugs. The authors predicted that combining oxantel with pyrantel would widen the range of worms affected and reduce the potential for resistance, and that oxantel “may remain effective in some nematode isolates that have become levamisole- and pyrantel-resistant” (nematodes are roundworms, the group that includes whipworm and hookworm). These were predictions from muscle experiments, not results in patients [7].

How the drug gets into the worm

A 2017 study of the mouse whipworm Trichuris muris, in laboratory dishes and in infected mice, found oxantel pamoate inside the worms at up to 34 nmol (nanomoles, a tiny chemical amount) per ten worms. The researchers concluded that diffusion through the cuticle, the worm’s tough outer covering, “seems to be the crucial pathway” by which the drug enters the whipworm. The amounts inside the worms did not track the drug levels in the mice’s blood or gut, or how well the drug worked [9].

Strong against whipworm, weak against hookworm

In the 2013 study, the dose of oxantel pamoate estimated to produce a 50% effect against the mouse whipworm in mice was 4.7 mg/kg, while 10 mg/kg lacked activity in infected animals against two hookworms, Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Necator americanus. The authors concluded that oxantel pamoate needs a partner drug with anti-hookworm properties [8].

A second action: blocking an energy enzyme

A 1995 paper describes oxantel as one of three deworming drugs “known to inhibit” the enzyme fumarate reductase in parasitic worms [10]. Fumarate reductase is the key enzyme of fumarate respiration, a way of making energy that bacteria use when they grow without oxygen [11]. This action is the basis of the research on bacteria further down this page.

The First Trials in the 1970s

In the early trials, oxantel was often mixed with pyrantel pamoate, a deworming drug that acts on a different receptor subtype [7]. Results as the abstracts give them:

Whipworm Trials in Children

Since 2014, a series of trials, most of them on Pemba Island, Tanzania, has tested oxantel pamoate in children and adolescents. The cure rate is the share of children with no whipworm eggs in their stool after treatment. The egg-reduction rate is how much the number of eggs fell overall, and it can be high even when many children still carry some worms.

The 2014 trial in the New England Journal of Medicine

In this double-blind trial (neither the children nor the researchers knew who got which drug), children aged 6 to 14 were randomly assigned to oxantel pamoate (20 mg/kg) plus albendazole (400 mg) on consecutive days, oxantel pamoate alone, albendazole alone, or mebendazole (500 mg). Of the 458 children with complete data, 450 had whipworm [2].

Oxantel pamoate plus albendazole cured 31.2% of whipworm infections, against 11.8% for mebendazole, and cut egg counts by 96.0%, against 75.0%. Albendazole alone cured 2.6%. Oxantel pamoate had low efficacy against hookworm and roundworm [2].

The 2016 dose-finding trial

Children aged 6 to 14 with whipworm were randomly assigned to one of six oxantel pamoate doses, from 5 to 30 mg/kg, or to a placebo (a dummy treatment); 350 were assigned. The lowest effective dose, 5 mg/kg, cured 10 of 46 children (22%) and cut egg counts by 85.0%. Cure and egg reduction rose with the dose: 25 mg/kg cured 27 of 45 (60%), with a 97.5% egg reduction, and 30 mg/kg cured 27 of 46 (59%), with 98.8% [17].

The authors defined an optimum dose range of 15 to 30 mg/kg, and calculated that a fixed 500 mg dose, given without weighing, would give 95% of children aged 7 to 14 in sub-Saharan Africa between 11.7 and 32.0 mg/kg. They called for studies in younger children and on other continents [17].

A chewable tablet for younger children (2026)

This phase 2 trial (a mid-sized trial testing how well a drug works) gave children aged 2 to 12 with whipworm on Pemba Island a chewable 250 mg oxantel pamoate tablet: a single dose (20 mg/kg) in 55 children, or 20 mg/kg on three consecutive days in 54. Another 54 received a single 500 mg chewable mebendazole tablet, which the authors describe as one of the World Health Organization’s recommended treatments [6].

Cure rates were 18.2% for single-dose oxantel pamoate, 64.2% for the three-day course and 7.4% for mebendazole. Single-dose oxantel pamoate was not significantly better than mebendazole at curing children, but it cut egg counts more (96.2% against 86.3%). The authors concluded that this higher egg reduction supports phase 3 development towards regulatory approval [6].

Combinations With Other Deworming Drugs

Because oxantel pamoate acts mainly on whipworm, researchers pair it with drugs that cover roundworm and hookworm. In the 2013 study in mice infected with the mouse whipworm, oxantel pamoate with mebendazole was highly synergistic (combination index 0.15: the pair worked better together than expected), while pairings with levamisole, albendazole or ivermectin were antagonistic (1.27, 1.90 and 1.27: less well than expected), as was pyrantel pamoate in laboratory dishes (2.53). The authors noted that albendazole has the highest efficacy against hookworms of the standard drugs, and called for more study of oxantel pamoate with albendazole [8].

Four treatments compared (2015)

On Pemba Island, 440 children aged 6 to 14 with whipworm received albendazole (400 mg) plus ivermectin (200 µg/kg, micrograms per kilogram), albendazole plus mebendazole (500 mg), albendazole plus oxantel pamoate (20 mg/kg), or mebendazole alone. Whipworm results in the 431 children analysed [3]:

Eighteen weeks later

Checked again 18 weeks after treatment, the 405 children with complete data showed albendazole plus oxantel pamoate still significantly ahead against whipworm, with a 54.0% cure rate and a 98.6% egg-reduction rate. By then reinfection was common in all groups: 37.2% for whipworm, 34.6% for roundworm and 25.0% for hookworm. The authors wrote that these rates support regular deworming where the worms are very common [18].

With tribendimidine against hookworm (2017)

In this trial on Pemba Island and in Côte d’Ivoire, 636 people with hookworm, including adolescents aged 15 to 18 on Pemba, received tribendimidine alone, tribendimidine plus ivermectin, tribendimidine plus oxantel pamoate (25 mg/kg), or albendazole plus oxantel pamoate (25 mg/kg). The authors call tribendimidine a frontrunner for single-drug and combination treatment. Among 601 with outcome data, tribendimidine plus oxantel pamoate cut hookworm egg counts by 96.5%, against 96.0% for albendazole plus oxantel pamoate, meeting the trial’s test for being non-inferior (not worse by more than 3 percentage points); tribendimidine plus ivermectin reached 99.5% [19].

With moxidectin against whipworm (2018)

Moxidectin is a new treatment for river blindness. On Pemba Island, 701 students aged 12 to 18 with whipworm were randomly assigned to moxidectin (8 mg) plus albendazole, albendazole plus oxantel pamoate (25 mg/kg, the reference treatment), moxidectin plus tribendimidine, or moxidectin alone. Egg counts fell by 98.5% with moxidectin plus albendazole and 99.8% with albendazole plus oxantel pamoate, meeting the trial’s non-inferiority margin, but albendazole plus oxantel pamoate cured 166 (83%) of 200 students, against 100 (51%) of 197 for moxidectin plus albendazole [20].

Three drugs at once against hookworm in Laos (2018)

In Laos, children aged 6 to 15 with hookworm were randomly assigned to triple therapy (albendazole 400 mg, pyrantel pamoate 20 mg/kg and oxantel pamoate 20 mg/kg) or to one of three other combinations. The triple therapy cured 116 (84%) of 138 hookworm infections, against 73 (53%) of 138 for albendazole plus oxantel pamoate and 36 (52%) of 69 for pyrantel pamoate plus oxantel pamoate. The authors suggested that pyrantel pamoate might help prevent resistance to the benzimidazole drugs, the family of albendazole and mebendazole, adding that larger trials are needed [21].

How the Body Handles It

The 2021 review describes oxantel pamoate as metabolically stable, with low permeability (it passes poorly through the gut wall) and low systemic bioavailability after oral use: little of a swallowed dose reaches the bloodstream. It acts locally in the gut, where the worms live [1].

In a 2016 study in rats given 100 mg/kg by mouth, oxantel pamoate could not be measured in the blood, which the researchers translated into a bioavailability below 0.025%. In laboratory tests on human cytochrome P450 enzymes, which break down many medicines, the albendazole-oxantel pamoate combination inhibited the enzyme CYP1A2 2.6-fold more strongly than the single drugs. The authors concluded that the study indicates it is safe to give albendazole and oxantel pamoate together, while recommending pharmacokinetic studies (studies of how the body absorbs and removes a drug) in people [22].

Use in Dogs

Oxantel is also a veterinary drug [8], used in dogs in combination tablets with pyrantel and praziquantel [23][24].

Field trials in Europe (2007)

In five multicenter field trials in France, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Spain, 235 dogs with worms identified at the start were treated with a combination of oxantel, pyrantel and praziquantel. Judged by the fall in egg counts, efficacy against the dog whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, was 97.3%, 97.2% and 98.4% at 7, 14 and 21 days. Against the dog roundworm Toxocara canis it ranged from 98.8% to 99.1%, and against the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum from 99.2% to 99.3%. Against tapeworms it reached 100% for Taenia species and, from day 14, for Dipylidium caninum [23].

A chewable tablet (2010)

A 2010 study of a flavored chewable tablet combining pyrantel (5 mg/kg), oxantel (20 mg/kg) and praziquantel (5 mg/kg), judged by worm counts, found 99.3% efficacy against the dog whipworm in experimentally infected dogs and 100% in naturally infected dogs. Against the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, which causes hydatid disease in people, efficacy was more than 99.9%. In safety tests there were no significant differences in blood tests and no abnormal clinical findings at up to six times the standard dose; two dogs given six times the dose vomited, but not when the dose was repeated two days later [24].

Research Against Gum-Disease Bacteria

Chronic periodontitis is a long-lasting gum infection that destroys the tissue and bone holding the teeth. A 2014 study names the bacteria commonly associated with it: the spiral-shaped Treponema denticola and two protein-digesting species, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. These bacteria rely on a complex form of anaerobic respiration, making energy without oxygen from amino acids, and oxantel had already been shown to inhibit fumarate reductase activity in some disease-causing bacteria [5].

Biofilm in laboratory cultures (2010)

Porphyromonas gingivalis lives in a biofilm, a slimy layer of bacteria on the surface of the tooth root. In a 2010 laboratory study, oxantel, described by the authors as “a cholinergic anthelmintic and fumarate reductase inhibitor”, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by the bacterium and disrupted biofilms that had already formed, at concentrations below those needed to stop free-floating bacteria from growing. Against the bacterium in biofilm, oxantel was more effective than metronidazole, an antibiotic commonly used for periodontitis [4].

Mixed biofilms and infected mice (2014)

In laboratory tests, oxantel blocked the fumarate reductase of Porphyromonas gingivalis at a low concentration (half-maximal inhibition at 2.2 micromolar, a unit of concentration) and stopped the free-floating growth of Tannerella forsythia at a much higher one (295 micromolar), but had no effect on the growth of Treponema denticola. Treated Porphyromonas gingivalis turned down six gene products and turned up 22, all controlled by the availability of heme, an iron-containing compound found in blood. Its metabolic genes showed no large-scale change, which the authors took as a sign that the bacterium may be unable to get around the block [5].

In mixed biofilms of all three species, oxantel disrupted biofilm development in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited all three to a similar degree, which the authors read as showing how the species depend on one another. In mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis, adding oxantel to the drinking water reduced the loss of alveolar bone (the part of the jaw that holds the teeth) to the same level as in uninfected mice [5].

In 2014 the Journal of the California Dental Association published a news item headlined “Drug may guard against periodontitis” [25]. These gum-disease findings come from laboratory cultures and mice; no trial of oxantel in people with gum disease was found for this page. The page on ivermectin for gum disease places this oxantel research alongside other anti-parasite medicines reported against what is found in diseased gums.

Other Laboratory and Animal Research

The stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Before the gum-disease work, fumarate reductase was studied as a drug target in Helicobacter pylori, the stomach bacterium linked to ulcers. In a 1995 laboratory study, oxantel, morantel and thiabendazole each blocked the enzyme in Helicobacter pylori cells, stopped the bacteria growing and killed them in liquid cultures, oxantel most strongly. The authors added that the concentrations needed meant these compounds “would not be of therapeutic use”, but concluded that the enzyme is a possible treatment target [10].

In a 2000 study in mice, Helicobacter pylori with its fumarate reductase gene knocked out could not colonize the stomach at any time point, while the normal strain readily infected the mice. Noting that oxantel and two other deworming drugs inhibit the bacterium’s growth in laboratory cultures, the authors proposed the enzyme as a target for new drugs and for vaccines [11].

Diabetic kidney disease in mice

A 2025 study of diabetic kidney disease, kidney damage caused by diabetes, found the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 raised in patients and mice with the disease; in mice, removing it from kidney tubule cells lessened the disease. An automated screen of many compounds identified three potent blockers of the enzyme, oxantel pamoate among them, which the authors report “efficaciously prevent” the disease. The findings on oxantel pamoate come from laboratory and animal work, not from a trial in people [26].

Side Effects Reported in Trials

The 2021 review concluded that oxantel pamoate was found to be safe in humans, with only a few mild adverse events (unwanted symptoms after treatment, whether or not caused by the drug) reported [1]. In the trials:

In the combination trials, side effects were counted by treatment group, so they reflect the drugs given together rather than oxantel pamoate alone.

Key Research Papers

  1. Palmeirim MS, Specht S, Scandale I, Gander-Meisterernst I, Chabicovsky M, Keiser J. Preclinical and Clinical Characteristics of the Trichuricidal Drug Oxantel Pamoate and Clinical Development Plans: A Review. Drugs. 2021;81(8):907-921. PubMed PMID: 33929716
  2. Speich B, Ame SM, Ali SM, Alles R, Huwyler J, Hattendorf J, et al. Oxantel pamoate-albendazole for Trichuris trichiura infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(7):610-20. PubMed PMID: 24521107
  3. Speich B, Ali SM, Ame SM, Bogoch II, Alles R, Huwyler J, et al. Efficacy and safety of albendazole plus ivermectin, albendazole plus mebendazole, albendazole plus oxantel pamoate, and mebendazole alone against Trichuris trichiura and concomitant soil-transmitted helminth infections: a four-arm, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(3):277-84. PubMed PMID: 25589326
  4. Dashper S, Ang CS, Liu SW, Paolini R, Veith P, Reynolds E. Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm by oxantel. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(3):1311-4. PubMed PMID: 20038616
  5. Dashper S, O'Brien-Simpson N, Liu SW, Paolini R, Mitchell H, Walsh K, et al. Oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm development of periodontal pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(1):378-85. PubMed PMID: 24165189
  6. Jeanguenat H, Schnoz A, Amour AK, Ahmada AA, Seif SN, Mohammed IS, et al. Efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a child-friendly, chewable formulation of oxantel pamoate versus mebendazole for Trichuris spp infections in children aged 2-12 years in Tanzania: a randomised, single-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2026. PubMed PMID: 42486129
  7. Martin RJ, Clark CL, Trailovic SM, Robertson AP. Oxantel is an N-type (methyridine and nicotine) agonist not an L-type (levamisole and pyrantel) agonist: classification of cholinergic anthelmintics in Ascaris. Int J Parasitol. 2004;34(9):1083-90. PubMed PMID: 15313135
  8. Keiser J, Tritten L, Silbereisen A, Speich B, Adelfio R, Vargas M. Activity of oxantel pamoate monotherapy and combination chemotherapy against Trichuris muris and hookworms: revival of an old drug. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2119. PubMed PMID: 23556013
  9. Cowan N, Meier C, Neodo A, Keiser J. Exposure of Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Trichuris muris to albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, mebendazole and oxantel pamoate in vitro and in vivo to elucidate the pathway of drug entry into these gastrointestinal nematodes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2017;7(2):159-173. PubMed PMID: 28371660
  10. Mendz GL, Hazell SL, Srinivasan S. Fumarate reductase: a target for therapeutic intervention against Helicobacter pylori. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;321(1):153-9. PubMed PMID: 7639515
  11. Ge Z, Feng Y, Dangler CA, Xu S, Taylor NS, Fox JG. Fumarate reductase is essential for Helicobacter pylori colonization of the mouse stomach. Microb Pathog. 2000;29(5):279-87. PubMed PMID: 11031122
  12. Rim HJ, Won CY, Lee SI, Lim JK. Anthelmintic effect of oxantel pamoate and pyrantel pamoate suspension against intestinal nematode infestations. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. 1975;13(2):97-101. PubMed PMID: 12913453
  13. Lee EL, Iyngkaran N, Grieve AW, Robinson MJ, Dissanaike AS. Therapeutic evaluation of oxantel pamoate (1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[trans-3-hydroxystyryl] pyrimidine pamoate) in severe Trichuris trichiura infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1976;25(4):563-7. PubMed PMID: 961973
  14. Lee SH, Song CY, Lim JK. [Anthelmintic Effect Of Oxantel And Oxantel/pyrantel Tablets Against Intestinal Nematode Infections]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. 1977;15(2):121-126. PubMed PMID: 12913426
  15. Lim JK. Anthelminthic effect of oxantel and oxantel-pyrantel in intestinal nematode infections. Drugs. 1978;15 Suppl 1:99-103. PubMed PMID: 657998
  16. Choi WY, Lee OR, Lee WK, Kim WK, Chung CS, Ough BO. A clinical trial of oxantel and pyrantel against intestinal nematodes infections. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. 1979;17(1):60-66. PubMed PMID: 12902761
  17. Moser W, Ali SM, Ame SM, Speich B, Puchkov M, Huwyler J, et al. Efficacy and safety of oxantel pamoate in school-aged children infected with Trichuris trichiura on Pemba Island, Tanzania: a parallel, randomised, controlled, dose-ranging study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):53-60. PubMed PMID: 26388169
  18. Speich B, Moser W, Ali SM, Ame SM, Albonico M, Hattendorf J, et al. Efficacy and reinfection with soil-transmitted helminths 18-weeks post-treatment with albendazole-ivermectin, albendazole-mebendazole, albendazole-oxantel pamoate and mebendazole. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:123. PubMed PMID: 26935065
  19. Moser W, Coulibaly JT, Ali SM, Ame SM, Amour AK, Yapi RB, et al. Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine, tribendimidine plus ivermectin, tribendimidine plus oxantel pamoate, and albendazole plus oxantel pamoate against hookworm and concomitant soil-transmitted helminth infections in Tanzania and Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised, controlled, single-blinded, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(11):1162-1171. PubMed PMID: 28864027
  20. Barda B, Ame SM, Ali SM, Albonico M, Puchkov M, Huwyler J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of moxidectin alone and in co-administration with albendazole and tribendimidine versus albendazole plus oxantel pamoate against Trichuris trichiura infections: a randomised, non-inferiority, single-blind trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(8):864-873. PubMed PMID: 29858149
  21. Moser W, Sayasone S, Xayavong S, Bounheuang B, Puchkov M, Huwyler J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of triple drug therapy with albendazole, pyrantel pamoate, and oxantel pamoate compared with albendazole plus oxantel pamoate, pyrantel pamoate plus oxantel pamoate, and mebendazole plus pyrantel pamoate and oxantel pamoate against hookworm infections in school-aged children in Laos: a randomised, single-blind trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(7):729-737. PubMed PMID: 29673735
  22. Cowan N, Vargas M, Keiser J. In Vitro and In Vivo Drug Interaction Study of Two Lead Combinations, Oxantel Pamoate plus Albendazole and Albendazole plus Mebendazole, for the Treatment of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(10):6127-33. PubMed PMID: 27480864
  23. Grandemange E, Claerebout E, Genchi C, Franc M. Field evaluation of the efficacy and the safety of a combination of oxantel/pyrantel/praziquantel in the treatment of naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode and/or cestode infestations in dogs in Europe. Vet Parasitol. 2007;145(1-2):94-9. PubMed PMID: 17184919
  24. Schmid K, Rohdich N, Zschiesche E, Kok DJ, Allan MJ. Efficacy, safety and palatability of a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic formulation in dogs. Vet Rec. 2010;167(17):647-51. PubMed PMID: 21257464
  25. Drug may guard against periodontitis. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2014;42(1):14. PubMed PMID: 25080682
  26. Sun HJ, Lu QB, Liu SJ, Fu X, Yu CL, Su JB, et al. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 contributes to diabetic kidney disease through enzyme-dependent and independent manners. Cell Rep Med. 2025;6(8):102241. PubMed PMID: 40695289

PubMed Topic Searches

  1. PubMed: Oxantel pamoate
  2. PubMed: Oxantel and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura)
  3. PubMed: Oxantel pamoate with albendazole
  4. PubMed: Oxantel and Porphyromonas gingivalis
  5. PubMed: Oxantel and fumarate reductase
  6. PubMed: Oxantel combinations in dogs

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