Binge Eating Disorder: The Most Common Eating Disorder

Table of Contents

1. How the Diagnosis Is Defined
2. How Common It Is
3. Who It Affects
4. Links With Obesity, Diabetes and Mood
5. Psychological Treatments
6. Lisdexamfetamine, the One Approved Drug
7. Topiramate and Antidepressants
8. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
9. Magnetic Brain Stimulation
10. The 2023 American Psychiatric Association Guideline
11. What Is Not Known
12. Key Research Papers
13. Connections
14. Featured Videos

How the Diagnosis Is Defined

Binge eating disorder became a formal diagnosis in 2013, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association. The World Health Organization added it to its International Classification of Diseases in 2018, with criteria that a 2022 review describes as broadly the same, except that the World Health Organization version is more liberal about how often episodes happen and how large they are.

As the 2022 review in Nature Reviews Disease Primers and the 2018 United States national survey paper describe the manual's criteria:

• Binge episodes. Eating, in a discrete period such as any 2-hour period, an amount of food clearly larger than most people would eat in that time, with a sense of loss of control over the eating.
• At least three of five features. Eating much more quickly than usual; eating until uncomfortably full; eating large amounts when not physically hungry; eating alone because of embarrassment about how much is eaten; and feeling disgusted, depressed or very guilty afterwards.
• Marked distress about the binge eating.
• Frequency and duration. Episodes happen on average at least once a week for at least three months.
• No regular compensation. The episodes are not tied to the recurrent vomiting, laxative misuse, fasting or other compensating behavior of bulimia nervosa.

The manual grades severity by the number of episodes a week: mild (one to three), moderate (four to seven), severe (eight to thirteen) and extreme (fourteen or more). The review notes that a clinician may grade severity higher when other symptoms and loss of day-to-day functioning are taken into account. Studies that tried to measure the size of a binge reported quantities between 3,000 and 4,500 kilocalories.

The older surveys on this page used the earlier fourth edition of the manual. The World Health Organization surveys applied a three-month duration window rather than the six months that edition required, a choice the authors described as likely to raise the estimates. Prevalence figures from different editions and interviews are therefore not exactly comparable.

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How Common It Is

The largest cross-national study is the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, which interviewed 24,124 adults in 14 mostly upper-middle and high-income countries (Kessler and colleagues, 2013). Its findings:

• Lifetime prevalence. The median across countries was 1.4% for binge eating disorder (middle half of countries 0.8% to 1.9%), against 0.8% for bulimia nervosa. Binge eating disorder was more common than bulimia nervosa in virtually every country. Country figures ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%.
• Past-year prevalence averaged 0.8% for binge eating disorder and 0.4% for bulimia nervosa.
• Age at onset. The median age at onset was 19.3 years for binge eating disorder and 18.0 for bulimia nervosa (means 23.3 and 20.6).
• Duration. Binge eating disorder lasted a median of 4.3 years, bulimia nervosa 6.5 years.
• Treatment. 38.3% of people with lifetime binge eating disorder had ever received treatment specifically for an eating problem (47.4% for bulimia nervosa). More, 57.7%, had received treatment for some emotional problem. Among people with binge eating disorder in the past year, 9.8% had been treated for it in that year.
• Impairment. 46.7% of people with past-year binge eating disorder reported that it impaired their daily roles, and 13.2% reported severe impairment.

National surveys in the United States give other figures, in part because the criteria changed:

• The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (9,282 adults, 2001–2003) found a lifetime prevalence of 3.5% among women and 2.0% among men, higher than for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Hudson and colleagues, 2007). Only a minority of people with an eating disorder had ever sought treatment.
• The 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, which interviewed 36,306 adults using the fifth-edition criteria, found a lifetime prevalence of 0.85% and a past-year prevalence of 0.44% (Udo and Grilo, 2018). Lifetime anorexia nervosa was 0.80% and bulimia nervosa 0.28%.
• The 2022 review estimated worldwide prevalence for 2018–2020 at 0.6% to 1.8% of adult women and 0.3% to 0.7% of adult men.

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Who It Affects

Binge eating disorder affects both sexes, more evenly than the other eating disorders do. In the World Health Organization surveys, women had about 2.4 to 3.6 times the odds of men of developing either binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa, and men made up a larger share of people with binge eating disorder than of people with bulimia nervosa. The authors read this as binge-eating men being less likely than binge-eating women to use vomiting or other compensation. In the 2012–2013 United States survey, the odds of the diagnosis were significantly higher for women after adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, education and income.

Other patterns in the surveys:

• Age and generation. Lifetime risk was higher in more recent birth cohorts in both the World Health Organization surveys and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The World Health Organization authors noted this could reflect a real rise, or differences in memory or survival between age groups.
• Students had higher odds of both disorders than non-students in the World Health Organization surveys.
• Race and ethnicity. In the 2012–2013 United States survey, the odds of lifetime binge eating disorder were lower for non-Hispanic Black than for non-Hispanic White respondents; there was no such difference for past-year diagnosis, and Hispanic and non-Hispanic White respondents did not differ.
• Onset and course. In the same survey, binge eating disorder began later in life and its episodes lasted longer than those of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
• Families and genes. The 2022 review reports that binge eating disorder runs in families independently of obesity, and that twin and family studies put its heritability between 0.39 and 0.57 (39% to 57%).
• Help-seeking. The review cites United States data that only about half of people with binge eating disorder ever seek help for it, and the World Health Organization surveys found women more likely than men to obtain treatment.

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Links With Obesity, Diabetes and Mood

Obesity

In the World Health Organization surveys, 32.8% to 41.7% of people with binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa were obese, against 15.8% of people with no eating disorder. In the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, lifetime binge eating disorder was associated with current severe obesity (body mass index of 40 or more). The 2022 review cites a mean body mass index of 33.9 kg/m² among people with binge eating disorder in a nationally representative United States study. Many people with binge eating disorder are not obese, and in the surveys a quarter to a third of people with these disorders were of normal weight. See Obesity.

Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

The World Health Organization surveys looked at which came first. Binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa that began earlier was followed by higher odds of later diabetes (odds ratios 2.9 to 3.1 for the two disorders), hypertension, chronic pain conditions and other problems; after adjusting for other mental disorders, an association with diabetes (odds ratio 2.4) and hypertension remained. These were based on people's own recall of when conditions began.

A prospective study gives a more mixed picture. Hudson and colleagues (2010) followed 134 people with binge eating disorder and 134 people with no eating disorder, matched for age, sex and starting body mass index, for up to 5 years. After adjusting for body mass index and weight change, the binge eating group was more likely to be newly diagnosed with abnormal blood fats (hazard ratio 2.2) and with two or more parts of the metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio 2.4). The rises in new type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.6) and high blood pressure (hazard ratio 1.5) were not statistically significant. The authors concluded binge eating disorder "may confer a risk" beyond that of obesity alone. The 2022 review adds that up to 20% of people with type 2 diabetes have an eating disorder that often goes undetected, most commonly binge eating disorder, and that binge eating worsens blood sugar control. See Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.

Depression and other mental disorders

In the World Health Organization surveys, 79.0% of people with lifetime binge eating disorder also met criteria for at least one other mental disorder among the 14 assessed, which included major depression and other mood disorders, anxiety disorders, behavior disorders and substance use disorders. The odds of each of those disorders were raised, with a median odds ratio of 2.8. Based on people's recall of when each began, the links ran in both directions: other disorders that came first were followed by higher odds of later binge eating disorder (median odds ratio 3.4), and binge eating disorder that came first was followed by higher odds of later disorders (median odds ratio 2.3). The surveys cannot show cause. The 2022 review notes that depressive symptoms appear to matter for how well treatment works. See Depression.

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Psychological Treatments

The treatments most often tested are cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by a therapist, guided self-help based on cognitive behavioral therapy (a structured self-help program with shorter, fewer sessions of support), and interpersonal psychotherapy, which focuses on relationships and social difficulties.

What the pooled trials show

• 2016 systematic review (Brownley and colleagues). The review pooled 9 waitlist-controlled psychological trials and 25 placebo-controlled drug or combination trials. Therapist-led cognitive behavioral therapy made people about 4.95 times as likely as the waitlist group to stop binge eating (relative risk 4.95; 95% confidence interval 3.06 to 8.00). Most participants were overweight or obese white women aged 20 to 40. Outcomes were rarely measured after treatment ended.
• 2019 meta-analysis (Hilbert and colleagues). This analysis covered 81 randomized trials with 7,515 people. Psychotherapy, mostly cognitive behavioral therapy, had large effects on binge episodes and abstinence compared with inactive controls. Structured self-help had medium-to-large effects compared with a waitlist. When treatments were compared head to head, there was limited evidence that any one was better. Adding a drug to psychotherapy showed no extra effect on binge eating over time. The authors rated the quality of the evidence on binge eating as "generally very low".

The two-year head-to-head trial

Wilson and colleagues (2010) randomized 205 adults with a body mass index between 27 and 45 to 20 sessions of interpersonal psychotherapy, 20 sessions of behavioral weight loss treatment, or 10 sessions of guided self-help based on cognitive behavioral therapy, all over 6 months. Two years later, both interpersonal psychotherapy and guided self-help had produced more remission from binge eating than behavioral weight loss (odds ratios 2.6 and 2.3 against weight loss treatment); the two did not differ much from each other (odds ratio 1.2). People with low self-esteem and more severe eating disorder symptoms did comparatively better with interpersonal psychotherapy. The authors described guided self-help as a first-line option for most patients, with interpersonal psychotherapy or full cognitive behavioral therapy for those with more severe symptoms.

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Lisdexamfetamine, the One Approved Drug

Lisdexamfetamine is a stimulant that the body converts to dextroamphetamine. It is also approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It is the only medicine approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for binge eating disorder.

What the label says

• Indication: moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults.
• Boxed warning, the label's strongest warning: lisdexamfetamine "has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction." Misuse and abuse of stimulants "can result in overdose and death," and the risk is higher with higher doses or with snorting or injection. It is a Schedule II controlled substance.
• Not for weight loss: the label states it is "not indicated or recommended for weight loss," that other sympathomimetic drugs used for weight loss have been associated with serious cardiovascular adverse events, and that its safety and effectiveness for treating obesity have not been established.
• Contraindications: known allergy to amphetamine products, and use with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor or within 14 days of stopping one, because of the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
• Heart checks: the label calls for a history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical examination for heart disease before treatment.
• Common side effects in the binge eating trials (two 12-week trials, 373 people on the drug, 372 on placebo): dry mouth 36% against 7%, insomnia 20% against 8%, and more often than placebo decreased appetite, faster heart rate, constipation, feeling jittery and anxiety. The label also lists new psychotic or manic symptoms among its warnings.

What the trials found

• 11-week dose trial (McElroy and colleagues, 2015, 255 adults). The trial gave 30, 50 or 70 mg a day, or placebo. Binge days per week fell by 4.1 on 50 mg and on 70 mg, by 3.5 on 30 mg, and by 3.3 on placebo. The 30 mg dose was not significantly better than placebo. 42.2% (50 mg) and 50.0% (70 mg) of people stopped bingeing for 4 weeks, against 21.3% on placebo. Weight fell by about 4.9 kg on 50 or 70 mg, against 0.1 kg on placebo. Any side effect was reported by 84.7% on the drug and 58.7% on placebo, and 1.5% on the drug had a serious adverse event.
• Relapse trial (Hudson and colleagues, 2017). 418 adults took the drug openly for 12 weeks. 275 who responded were then randomized to stay on it or switch to placebo for 26 weeks. 3.7% of those who stayed on the drug relapsed, against 32.1% of those switched to placebo (hazard ratio 0.09).
• Maintenance trial without a clear binge benefit (Grilo and colleagues, 2024). In a smaller single-site trial, 61 adults with obesity who had responded to the drug, alone or with cognitive behavioral therapy, were randomized to continue it or switch to placebo for 12 weeks. Relapse was 10.0% on the drug and 17.9% on placebo, and binge-eating remission was 59.4% and 65.5%. The groups did not differ significantly on binge eating. Those who continued the drug lost 2.3% of body weight, those on placebo gained 2.2%, and eating-disorder symptoms rose only on placebo.
• Pooled evidence. In the 2016 review, lisdexamfetamine made stopping binge eating about 2.6 times as likely as placebo (relative risk 2.61). Headache, gastrointestinal upset, sleep problems and signs of sympathetic nervous system arousal were 1.6 to 4.3 times as common as on placebo.

Several authors of the 2015 and 2017 trials were employees of the drug's maker at the time, as the papers disclose.

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Topiramate and Antidepressants

Neither topiramate nor any antidepressant is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for binge eating disorder.

Topiramate

Topiramate is an anti-seizure drug associated with weight loss.

• 14-week trial (McElroy and colleagues, 2003). 61 adults with binge eating disorder and obesity were randomized. The trial gave 25 to 600 mg a day, with a median dose of 212 mg. Binge frequency fell by 94% on topiramate and 46% on placebo. People who completed the trial on topiramate lost a mean of 5.9 kg. Six people on topiramate and three on placebo stopped because of side effects, most often headache and tingling (paresthesia).
• Multicenter trial (McElroy and colleagues, 2007, 394 adults). Binge days per week fell by 3.5 on topiramate and 2.5 on placebo. Weight changed by −4.5 kg and +0.2 kg. Binge eating stopped in 58% on topiramate and 29% on placebo. 30% of each group dropped out; side effects caused 16% of topiramate users to stop, against 8% on placebo. The most common were tingling, upper respiratory infection, sleepiness and nausea.
• A 2026 review notes that slowed thinking, difficulty concentrating and tingling in the hands and feet limit topiramate's usefulness in binge eating disorder.

Antidepressants

• In the 2016 review, second-generation antidepressants (mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) made stopping binge eating about 1.7 times as likely as placebo (relative risk 1.67) and reduced depressive symptoms.
• The 2026 review reports that fluoxetine reduced binge frequency in some trials, but in others fluoxetine alone was no better than placebo, while fluoxetine combined with cognitive behavioral therapy did better than either fluoxetine alone or placebo. Sertraline also reduced binge frequency in several studies.
• The same review notes that antidepressants have little to no effect on weight in binge eating disorder, and that placebo response rates in binge eating trials are large.
• The 2022 review reports that, in the available data, the reductions in binge symptoms with second-generation antidepressants were no longer significant at 3 to 6 months of follow-up.

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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, used for type 2 diabetes and weight management, act on appetite in the gut and the brain. None is approved for binge eating disorder, and the evidence is early. Background on the drug class is on the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists page.

• Evidence level: one small randomized pilot trial in diagnosed binge eating disorder. Allison and colleagues (2023) randomized 27 adults to liraglutide 3.0 mg a day or placebo for 17 weeks. Weekly binge episodes fell by 4.0 on liraglutide and 2.5 on placebo, a difference that was not statistically significant, and remission rates (44% and 36%) did not differ. Weight fell by 5.2% on liraglutide and 0.9% on placebo. A pharmacy dispensing error was a significant limitation, the authors wrote.
• Evidence level: meta-analysis of trials mostly in people with obesity. Emptage and colleagues (2026) pooled 25 randomized trials with 8,069 people. Across 9 trials, the drugs reduced binge-eating scores by a small amount (standardized effect −0.23), and they also reduced loss-of-control eating and emotional eating. They also raised dietary restraint (effect 0.31). The authors noted that whether that restraint is harmful is unclear, since restraint is a concern in eating disorders. Effects were larger in trials of people with binge eating disorder. Every trial was rated at high risk of bias or with some concerns, and the results varied widely between trials.
• Evidence level: systematic review of mostly small and uncontrolled studies. A 2024 review found reports of reduced binge frequency with liraglutide and dulaglutide but noted that large, blinded, placebo-controlled trials were lacking.

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Magnetic Brain Stimulation

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses a magnetic coil held against the scalp to stimulate brain areas involved in self-control, most often the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Its results in binge eating disorder point both ways.

• For: in a double-blind trial in São Paulo (Maranhão and colleagues, 2025), 60 people with binge eating disorder and obesity received 20 sessions of real or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The real-stimulation group had a significantly greater drop in binge episodes at the end of treatment and at 16 weeks. There were no group differences on the other outcomes, including the urge to eat.
• Against: a 2026 meta-analysis of brain-stimulation studies in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder (Ramanathan and colleagues), covering studies published up to April 2025, found no significant reduction in binge episodes, vomiting episodes, eating-disorder symptoms or the urge to eat. The one significant result, a drop in food craving, rested on two studies and was driven mainly by a single-session experiment. The authors concluded these treatments should be treated as "investigational rather than therapeutic." The São Paulo trial was published in May 2025, after that search window.

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The 2023 American Psychiatric Association Guideline

The American Psychiatric Association published a practice guideline for the treatment of eating disorders in 2023 (Crone and colleagues). A 2026 review co-written by one of the guideline's authors summarizes its approach. In that review's words, eating disorders are "treated primarily with psychotherapy focusing on eating behaviors," and pharmacotherapy is recommended "when psychotherapy is insufficient or unavailable, or when medication treatment is preferred by the patient."

For binge eating disorder specifically, the review reports that the guideline "suggests that adults with [binge eating disorder] who prefer medication or have not responded to psychotherapy alone be treated with either lisdexamfetamine or an antidepressant medication."

The guideline also contains statements on psychotherapy for binge eating disorder. The full guideline is not openly available, and this page does not paraphrase statements it could not read.

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What Is Not Known

• Long-term results. The 2016 review found outcomes were rarely measured beyond the end of treatment, and the 2019 meta-analysis called for more research on keeping gains over time. The longest drug relapse trial ran 26 weeks.
• Quality of the evidence. The 2019 meta-analysis rated the quality of evidence on binge-eating outcomes as generally very low. Many treatments have been tested in only one trial.
• Who was studied. Most trial participants were white women aged 20 to 40 with overweight or obesity, so less is known about men, older adults, adolescents, people of other ethnic groups and people of normal weight.
• Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Adequately powered trials in people with a diagnosed binge eating disorder, with longer follow-up, have not yet been reported, and whether the extra dietary restraint they cause is harmful is unclear.
• Brain stimulation. One positive randomized trial and one negative meta-analysis leave its value undecided.
• Cause and direction. The links with obesity, diabetes and depression come mostly from surveys and one prospective cohort; they show association, not that binge eating disorder causes these conditions or the reverse.
• Which treatment for whom. Head-to-head comparisons are few, and the 2019 meta-analysis found limited evidence that any one type of treatment is better than another.

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Key Research Papers

1. Kessler RC, Berglund PA, Chiu WT, Deitz AC, Hudson JI, Shahly V, et al. The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73(9):904-14. PubMed PMID: 23290497
2. Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(3):348-58. PubMed PMID: 16815322
3. Udo T, Grilo CM. Prevalence and Correlates of DSM-5-Defined Eating Disorders in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults. Biol Psychiatry. 2018;84(5):345-354. PubMed PMID: 29859631
4. Giel KE, Bulik CM, Fernandez-Aranda F, Hay P, Keski-Rahkonen A, Schag K, et al. Binge eating disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):16. PubMed PMID: 35301358
5. Hudson JI, Lalonde JK, Coit CE, Tsuang MT, McElroy SL, Crow SJ, et al. Longitudinal study of the diagnosis of components of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with binge-eating disorder. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(6):1568-73. PubMed PMID: 20427731
6. Brownley KA, Berkman ND, Peat CM, Lohr KN, Cullen KE, Bann CM, et al. Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(6):409-20. PubMed PMID: 27367316
7. Hilbert A, Petroff D, Herpertz S, Pietrowsky R, Tuschen-Caffier B, Vocks S, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of psychological and medical treatments for binge-eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019;87(1):91-105. PubMed PMID: 30570304
8. Wilson GT, Wilfley DE, Agras WS, Bryson SW. Psychological treatments of binge eating disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(1):94-101. PubMed PMID: 20048227
9. McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Mitchell JE, Wilfley D, Ferreira-Cornwell MC, Gao J, et al. Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(3):235-46. PubMed PMID: 25587645
10. Hudson JI, McElroy SL, Ferreira-Cornwell MC, Radewonuk J, Gasior M. Efficacy of Lisdexamfetamine in Adults With Moderate to Severe Binge-Eating Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(9):903-910. PubMed PMID: 28700805
11. Grilo CM, Ivezaj V, Yurkow S, Tek C, Wiedemann AA, Gueorguieva R. Lisdexamfetamine maintenance treatment for binge-eating disorder following successful treatments: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2024;54(12):3334-3344. PubMed PMID: 39258475
12. McElroy SL, Arnold LM, Shapira NA, Keck PE Jr, Rosenthal NR, Karim MR, et al. Topiramate in the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(2):255-61. PubMed PMID: 12562571
13. McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Capece JA, Beyers K, Fisher AC, Rosenthal NR. Topiramate for the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(9):1039-48. PubMed PMID: 17258690
14. Allison KC, Chao AM, Bruzas MB, McCuen-Wurst C, Jones E, McAllister C, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg for binge eating disorder. Obes Sci Pract. 2023;9(2):127-136. PubMed PMID: 37034559
15. Emptage I, Kozmér S, Cobham-Wilson A, Sousa B, Sugden K, Wheeler L, et al. The effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on binge eating in patients with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2026;98:104007. PubMed PMID: 42666688
16. Aoun L, Almardini S, Saliba F, Haddadin F, Mourad O, Jdaidani J, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists: A novel pharmacotherapy for binge eating (Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa)? A systematic review. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2024;35:100333. PubMed PMID: 38449772
17. Maranhão MF, Estella N, Cury MEG, Schmidt U, Campbell IC, Claudino AM. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in binge eating disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2025;55:e149. PubMed PMID: 40376936
18. Ramanathan B, Vijayan S, Mohan M, Venkatesan V, Selvaraj A, Sivakumar P. Non-invasive brain stimulation as an experimental treatment approach for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review of literature. Indian J Psychiatry. 2026;68(5):411-428. PubMed PMID: 42381852
19. Crone C, Fochtmann LJ, Attia E, Boland R, Escobar J, Fornari V, et al. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2023;180(2):167-171. PubMed PMID: 36722117
20. Allam AR, Attia E. Recent developments in treatments for eating disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2026;23(1):e00773. PubMed PMID: 41145336

Drug label facts are taken from the current United States prescribing information for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules, as posted on the National Library of Medicine's DailyMed service.

PubMed Topic Searches

1. PubMed: binge eating disorder prevalence
2. PubMed: binge eating disorder and cognitive behavioral therapy trials
3. PubMed: binge eating disorder and lisdexamfetamine
4. PubMed: binge eating disorder and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
5. PubMed: binge eating disorder and transcranial magnetic stimulation
6. PubMed: binge eating disorder and type 2 diabetes

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Connections

• Psychiatry — the section hub
• Eating Disorders — the whole family of conditions
• Bulimia Nervosa — binge eating with compensation
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Depression
• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder — lisdexamfetamine's first approval
• Obesity
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

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